關於風俗的對話

1、采訪稿：春節的習俗

春節是我們中國農歷的新年，所以過年對我們中國人而言非常重要的!因此，春節前的准備也是必不可少的。

過年了!過年了!家家戶戶忙著貼春聯，剃頭發，做年夜飯……要做的事情太多了，而且「規矩」太多了!「臘月二十四，撣塵掃房子」，在古書《呂氏春秋》中記載，我國在堯舜時代就有春節掃塵的風俗習慣了，此外，掃塵還有「除陳布新」的含義。

春聯也叫對聯、桃符，它以對偶、精巧的文字抒發美好的願望，是我們中國獨特的文學形式。春節貼春聯這一習俗起源於宋代，春聯分為上聯、下聯和橫批。「福」字，指的是福氣、福運，春節貼「福」字是為了表達對親朋好友的一種祝福。可是為了更充分地體現這種祝福，人們乾脆把「福」字倒過來貼，表示「福『倒』了」。

原來，以前過年還有一種放鞭炮的習俗，來源於「年獸」的故事。很久以前有一隻「年獸」，長期居住深海底，到了除夕就躍出海面到處作惡。有一年一個老人用放炮，穿紅衣，貼紅春聯的方法驅趕走「年獸」，這才得以平靜，此後這個方法就流傳開來。但是現在廣州禁止燃放煙花爆竹，所以我們就不再進行這個活動了。　

現在春節掛貼年畫在城鄉已很是普遍，濃黑重彩的年畫給家家戶戶帶去了興旺和歡樂的喜慶場面。我國收藏最早的年畫是南宋《隋朝窈窕呈傾國之芳容》的木刻年畫，畫的是王昭君、趙飛燕、班姬和綠珠四位古代美人。

除夕這一天對我國來說是極為重要的。這天晚上，我們全家准備除舊迎新，吃團年飯。吃年夜飯，是春節家家戶戶最熱鬧愉快的時候。大年夜.豐盛的年菜擺滿一桌，全家團聚，圍坐桌旁，共吃團圓飯。人們既是享受滿桌的佳餚，也是享受那份快樂的氣氛。

桌上有雞、鵝、燒肉等等，一般少不了兩樣東西，一是火鍋，一是魚。火鍋熱氣騰騰，說明紅紅火火;「魚」和「余」諧音，喻意「年年有餘」。最後一道甜食，祝福往後的日子甜甜蜜蜜。

初一，才剛起來，就聽見門外一陣拜年聲：「給您老拜年了啊!」「哎!來了來了，新年快樂!」「新年快樂!」這時候，外婆正忙著做早餐，外公則正忙著招呼人。「坐一下吧啊?」「不了不了。」這樣的對話總會聽見很多次。我趕緊吃完早餐和小舅舅他們出門了。

小舅舅的雙胞胎女兒紫依和紫芊各提著一個袋子，每到一處袋子里的東西就會增加一點，可高興壞她們了。所謂的拜年呢，就是挨家挨戶地走動，有時候會在哪一家坐一會兒，聊聊天什麼的。而小孩子就提著個袋子去拜糖。

春節之所以是一個極為重要的節日，是因為通過這個節日的慶祝儀式，能加強家庭聯系與親情。諸如吃團圓飯、向親友拜年送禮等等，這些習俗都在提醒人們，家庭在社會中的中心地位。世界各地凡有華人聚居的地方，無不隆重而熱烈的慶祝這個節日。春節的慶祝活動，從農歷正月初一開始到農歷正月十五，一連15天。

2、西方風土人情的對話

THIS IS AMERICA - Spirit of the Season: Christmas Music and Traditions in America
By Shelley Gollust

Broadcast: Monday, December 19, 2005

(MUSIC)

ANNOUNCER: Millions of Americans will celebrate Christmas on December Twenty-Fifth. It is the most widely celebrated religious holiday in the United States. For the past few weeks, Americans have been preparing for Christmas. I'm Bob Doughty. Shirley Griffith and Ray Freeman tell us about American Christmas traditions and music on the VOA Special English program, THIS IS AMERICA.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

People have been buying gifts to give to family members and friends. They have been filling homes and stores with evergreen trees and bright, colored lights. They have been going to parties and preparing special Christmas foods. Many people think Christmas is the most wonderful time of the year. Johnny Mathis thinks so, too.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

Many Christians will go to church the night before the holiday or on Christmas Day. They will celebrate Christmas as the birthday of Jesus Christ. Christian ministers will speak about the need for peace and understanding in the world. This is the spiritual message of Christmas. Church services will include traditional religious songs for the holiday.

One of the most popular is this one, "Silent Night." Here it is sung by Joan Baez.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

Many other Americans will celebrate Christmas as an important, but non-religious, holiday. To all, however, it is a special day of family, food, and exchanging gifts.

Christmas is probably the most special day of the year for children. One thing that makes it special is the popular tradition of Santa Claus.

Young children believe that Santa Claus is a fat, kind, old man in a red suit with white fur. They believe that -- on the night before Christmas -- he travels through the air in a sleigh pulled by reindeer. He enters each house from the top by sliding down the hole in the fireplace. He leaves gifts for the children under the Christmas tree.

Here, Bruce Springsteen sings about Santa Claus.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

Americans spend a lot of time and money buying Christmas presents. The average American family spends about eight-hundred dollars. Stores and shopping centers are crowded at this time of year. More than twenty percent of all goods sold ring the year are sold ring the weeks before Christmas. This is good for stores and for the American economy.

Christmas shopping in mall
VOICE ONE:

Some people object to all this spending. They say it is not the real meaning of Christmas. So, they celebrate in other ways. For example, they make Christmas presents, instead of buying them. Or they volunteer to help serve meals to people who have no homes. Or they give money to organizations that help poor people in the United States and around the world.

VOICE TWO:

Home and family are the center of the Christmas holiday. For many people, the most enjoyable tradition is buying a Christmas tree and decorating it with lights and beautiful objects. On Christmas Eve or Christmas morning, people gather around the tree to open their presents.

Another important Christmas tradition involves food. Families prepare many kinds of holiday foods, especially sweets. They eat these foods on the night before Christmas and on Christmas day.

For many people, Christmas means traveling long distances to be with their families. Peabo Bryson and Roberta Flack sing about this holiday tradition.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

Another Christmas tradition is to go "caroling." A group of people walks along the street. At each house, they stop and sing a Christmas song, called a carol. Student groups also sing carols at schools and shopping centers. Let us listen to the choir of Trinity Church in Boston sing "Carol of the Bells."

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

Not everyone in the United States celebrates Christmas. Members of the Jewish and Muslim religions, for example, generally do not. Jewish people celebrate the holiday of Hanukkah. And some black Americans observe another holiday, Kwanzaa. Yet many Americans do take part in some of the traditional performances of the season. One of the most popular is a story told in dance: "The Nutcracker" ballet. The music was written by Russian composer Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky in eighteen ninety-one.

VOICE ONE:

The ballet is about a young girl named Clara. Clara is celebrating Christmas with her family and friends. One of her Christmas presents is a little device to open nuts -- a nutcracker. It is shaped like a toy soldier. She dreams that the nutcracker comes to life as a good-looking prince.

Professional dance groups in many American cities perform the ballet at this time of year. They often use students from local ballet schools to dance the part of Clara and the other children in the story. This gives parents a chance to see their children perform.

VOICE TWO:

We leave you with "The Waltz of the Flowers" from "The Nutcracker." It is played by the Philadelphia Orchestra, led by Eugene Ormandy.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

Today's program was written by Shelley Gollust. It was proced and directed by Lawan Davis. I'm Shirley Griffith.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Ray Freeman. Join us again next week for another report about life in the United States on the VOA Special English program, THIS IS AMERICA

3、關於中國傳統節日的一篇英文小對話

你好！
我好想在節日風俗網
看過一篇文章，關於美國的
中英文都有
其他的
沒注意過
呵呵
希望對你有所幫助，望採納。

4、關於民風民俗的開場白！

民俗文化是歷史的創造物，具有鮮明的時代特徵。任何民俗文化現象都積淀和熔鑄著該民族千百年來創造的文化狀況，它是古今各族人民共同創造的物質產品和精神產品的總和。民俗還是發展文化產業的重要源泉。在經濟全球化的背景下，民俗文化的地方性、多樣性日益受到重視，作為人類重要的非物質文化遺產，其地位也越來越突出
由於社會的發展和變化，民俗文化既有歷史的傳承性，也具有特定的時代性。民俗文化一般分為物質民俗、社會民俗和精神民俗幾大類別。物質民俗指人們日常的衣、食、住、行等生產生活方式及相關的習俗禮儀；社會民俗包含家族村社、婚喪嫁娶及人生禮儀等相關內容；精神民俗則以信仰、節日、民間文學和游藝為其代表。其內容主要包括生活文化、婚姻家庭和人生禮儀文化、口頭傳承文化、民間歌舞娛樂文化、工藝美術文化、節日文化、信仰文化等。
中華民族的民俗傳統的發展被遏制, 大量民俗文化由於沒有得到妥善和有效的保護而遭到嚴重破壞甚至毀滅的現象。撥亂反正以後，民俗文化才逐漸恢復並得到發展。近年來民俗文化更是得到很大的重視，有了長足發展。現在是建國以來，河北民俗活動開展得最好的時期，河北民間文化、民俗活動迎來了又一個春天。
中國是一個民俗文化大國，包括56個民族在內的民俗文化豐富多彩。民俗往往是一個地方社會生活的縮影和歷史的折射，帶有極強的個性，民俗文化也就以其最具個性化、最具平民性的特色而顯示出強大的生命力。某些地方特色濃郁的民俗活動，給以精密的包裝就能成為本地的一個品牌，成為當地一張響亮的名片。
振興地方民俗民間文化是建設文化大省和諧社會的需要。文化作為經濟發展的深厚底蘊和持久動力，起著基礎性的作用。河北經濟騰飛給民俗民間活動打下堅實基礎。河北經濟的大翻身，使民俗民間活動獲得新生機。近年來申報非物質文化遺產熱的興起，更給各地民俗活動增添新動力。振興民俗文化給旅遊業輸入了簡朴多彩的文化內涵，為旅遊業帶來可觀的社會、經濟效益。

你自己從中挑一些覺得比較符合你們主題的，再組織一下語言，應該就可以了

5、要一個15分鍾左右的演講，是關於傳統習俗的、

春節、清明、端午、中秋是近世中國的四大傳統節日，其中中秋節形成最晚，在漢魏民俗節日體系形成時期，中秋節日尚無蹤跡。唐宋時期因時代的關系，以賞月為中心節俗的中秋節日出現，明清時期中秋已上升為民俗大節。中秋節雖然晚出，但它是秋季時令習俗的綜合，其所包含的節俗因素，大都有著古老的淵源。

祭月拜月，慶祝豐收
唐宋時期的中秋是一般的社交娛樂性節日，中秋節的主要活動是賞月、玩月。明清時期節日性質發生變化，人們同樣賞月，但似乎更關注月神的神性意義，以及現實社會人們之間的倫理關系與經濟關系。中秋是豐收的時節，人們利用中秋節俗表達人們對豐收的慶祝。祭祀月亮時的時令果品，既是對月亮的獻祭，更是對勞動果實的享用。

明朝北京人八月十五日祭月，人們在市場上買一種特製的「月光紙」，這是一種神禡，上面繪有月光菩薩像：月光菩薩端坐蓮花座上，旁邊有玉兔持杵如人似地站立著，並在臼中搗葯。這種月光菩薩像小的三寸，大的丈余長，精緻的畫像金光燦爛。北京人家家設月光菩薩神位，供圓形的果、餅與西瓜，西瓜要切割為蓮花狀。夜間在月出之方，人們向月供祭、叩拜，叩拜之後，將月光紙焚化，撤下來的供品，普遍由家人分食。清代北京祭月有所變化，月光神禡由道觀寺院贈送的，題名為「月府素曜太陰星君」。市肆中這天也多賣「月光馬兒」，長的七八尺，短的二三尺，頂上有兩面旗子，為紅綠色或黃色，對月而供，焚香行禮，祭祀結束後，與紙扎元寶、紙錢一起焚化。

祭月、拜月是明清中秋時節全國通行的習俗，清代俗諺有：「八月十五月兒圓，西瓜月餅供神前。」清代有特製的祭月月餅，此月餅較日常月餅「圓而且大」。特製月餅一般在祭月之後就由家人分享，也有的留到除夕再來享用，這種月餅俗稱「團圓餅」。明清江南以素齋供月，有老南瓜、菱藕、月餅等，旁邊放涼水一碗，婦孺拜月畢，以指蘸水塗目，祝曰眼目清涼(周作人《中秋的月亮》)。此俗來源於六朝時人在八月中以露水洗眼的風俗。那時人們中秋時節相互饋贈的不是月餅，而是盛滿百草露的眼明囊(《荊楚歲時記》)。

各地對月亮神的形象有不同的描述與理解。在福建汀州一帶，中秋夜有「請月姑」的習俗，兒女在月下設果餅膜拜致詞，請月姑以卜災祥。浙江諸暨的大戶人家在中秋節製作大月餅，雜以瓜果，「疊案供月，謂之『宴嫦娥』」。蘇州家家戶戶擺上瓶花香蠟，不設月宮符像，望空禮拜，小兒女在「膜拜月下，嬉戲燈前，謂之齋月宮」。江浙一帶中秋祭月有「燒斗香」的習俗。蘇州所謂斗香，是用細的線香編製成斗狀，中間盛香屑，香店製作後賣給僧俗人等，人們在中秋夜，焚於月下，稱為「燒斗香」。杭州的斗香，用紙糊成斗狀，中間炷香，高的有兩尺左右，中秋夜晚祭月時使用。吳曼雲《江鄉節物詩》：「心字燒殘寸寸灰，靈香上請月輪開。斗量畢竟人間少，桂粟薪收萬斛來。」揚州小秦淮河，中秋節「供養太陰」，彩繪廣寒清虛之府，稱為「月宮紙」;又以紙絹作神像冠帶，月餅上排列素服女子，稱為「月宮人」;然後以蓮藕果品祭祀。

值得注意的是前代拜月，男女俱拜。宋代京師中秋之夜，傾城人家，無論貧富，從能行走的孩童至十二三歲的少年都要穿上成人的服飾，登樓或於庭中「焚香拜月，各有所期」。男孩期望「早步蟾宮，高攀仙桂」，意思是說請月神保佑早日科舉成名。女孩則祈求有一副美麗的容顏，「願貌似嫦娥，圓如潔月」。宋人推重的是郎才女貌。

明清以後，祭月風俗發生重大變化，男子拜月漸少，月亮神逐漸成為專門的女性崇拜對象。北京有所謂「男不拜月，女不祭灶」的俗諺。明清時代北京中秋節新添了一個節令物件——彩兔。明代「中秋節多以泥摶兔形，衣冠踞坐如人狀，兒女祀而拜之」。清代昵稱玉兔為「兔兒爺」，人們用沙土作白玉兔，裝飾以五彩顏色。兔兒爺的製作工藝精美，造型千奇百狀、滑稽有趣：有上張傘蓋，衣冠楚楚，扮作官員者;有身穿甲胄，手持大旗，扮成武士者;有騎虎者，有靜坐者。大的高三尺，小的不及寸。京城人「齊聚天街月下，市而易之」。兔兒爺給市井生活增添了許多的情趣。

在少數民族中同樣盛行著中秋節祭月、拜月的風習。鄂倫春人祭月時在露天空地放上一盆清水，擺上祭品，然後跪在盆前，向月叩拜。廣西西部壯族的「祭月請神」活動更典型，每年夏歷八月中旬，有的就在中秋夜，人們在村頭村尾露天處，設一供桌，供放祭品和香爐，桌子右邊豎一根高約一尺的樹枝或竹枝，象徵社樹，亦作月神下凡與上天的梯子，這里保存了古老的月亮神話因素。整個活動包括：請月神下凡，由一名或兩名婦女作為月神的代言人;神人對歌;月神卜卦算命;歌手唱送神咒歌，送月神回天等四階段(參看何星亮《中國自然神與自然崇拜》)。由此可知，在偏遠民族中仍傳承著遙遠的祭月古俗，在中秋時節人們能夠與月神進行直接的對話與交流，這與少數民族的文化特性有關。

分享、饋送「團圓餅」
中秋節令食品是月餅，月餅在民間稱為「團圓餅」。中秋時節正是收獲的季節，人們為了加強家族、社會成員之間的聯系，互相饋贈禮物，月餅就成為人們相互交流的信物與吉祥的象徵。

月餅的形制在宋代可能就有了，蘇東坡曾有詩贊曰：「小餅如嚼月，中有酥與飴」。但從文獻記載看，當時的節物重在賞新，如嘗石榴、棗、栗、桔、葡萄等時新水果，飲新酒等，有「秋嘗」的意味，還沒有將月餅作為重要的節令食品。以月餅為中秋特色食品及祭月供品的風俗大概始於明朝。在明朝初年中秋已有食餅習俗，但尚未稱月餅。據《客座贅語》記載，南京有一位鐵冠道人道術高明，能預知未來事。明太祖對此不以為然，於是召見道人問道：「今日我有何事?」對曰：「太子某時進餅。」這天正是中秋之日，太祖遂命人將道人鎖在房中等待驗證。等到那個時辰，太子果然來進奉餅食。宮廷中秋太子要向父皇進獻月餅。民間城鄉更是以月餅為節禮互相饋送。

先看明代京城「士庶傢俱以是月造面餅相遺」。這種面餅大小不等，呼為「月餅」。月餅的製作在明代後期的北京已經十分考究，價格也不便宜，「市肆以果為餡，巧名異狀，有一餅值數百錢者」。清代北京中秋祭月除香燈品供外，就是團圓月餅。清代後期北京出現了品牌月餅，前門致美齋的月餅為「京都第一」。一般供月的月餅到處都有，大的直徑有尺多長，上面繪有月宮、蟾蜍、玉兔等圖案。北京月餅有祭祀完後分食的，還有一種吃法是將月餅留到歲暮除夕「合家分用之，曰團圓餅也」。蘇州人家同樣以月餅為中秋節物，相互饋遺。清代杭州依然傳承明代節俗，「中秋食月餅，夜則設以祭月，亦取人月雙圓之意耳」。

現代月餅生產形成地域風格，有京式月餅、廣式月餅、蘇式月餅、甬式月餅等，它們在月餅內餡、月餅形制及加工方法上都有自己的特色。京式月餅為酥皮、冰糖餡;廣式月餅以糖漿麵皮為主，有酥皮、硬皮兩種，分咸甜兩味，餡有肉類與蓮蓉、豆沙等;蘇式月餅也是酥皮，餅餡常用桃仁、瓜子、松子，配以桂花、玫瑰花等天然香料;寧波的甬式月餅也是酥皮，多用苔菜為餡。傳統月餅糖多油重，近年來多流行以果類為餡的低糖月餅。

小小的月餅在民間生活中作為團圓的象徵與聯系親族情感的信物互相饋送，從而實現對親族關系的再確認。中秋月餅有具體的吃法，一般民間切月餅都要均勻切成若干份，按人口數平分，每人都享受到月餅的一塊，象徵家庭成員是團圓的一部分。如家中有人外出，便特地留下一份，象徵他也參加了家庭團聚，這塊月餅留待除夕他回來享用。這種以飲食團聚家人的方式是中國人所特有的文化習慣。

家人團聚
團圓是中秋節俗的中心意義。

因為家族生活的關系，中國人有很強的家族倫理觀念，重視親族情誼與血親聯系，從而較早形成了和睦團圓的民俗心理。家庭成員的團聚成為家族生活中的大事，民俗節日就為民眾的定期會聚提供了時機。在傳統年節中都不同程度地滿足著人們團圓的要求，如除夕的「團年」、重陽的聚飲等。中秋為花好月圓之時，「海上生明月，天涯共此時」，人們由天上的月圓聯想到人事的團圓，因此中秋在古代被視為特別的「團圓節」。宋人的團圓意識已與中秋節令發生關聯，前述宋代城市居民闔家共賞圓月，就是體現了這一倫理因素。明清時期，由於理學的浸染，民間社會鄉族觀念增強，同時也因為人們在世俗生活中更加認識到家族社會的力量，因此人們在思想情感上，對家庭更為依戀。秋收之際的中秋節，正是加強親族聯系的良機，「中秋民間以月餅相遺，取團圓之義」(明田汝成《西湖游覽志余》)。值得注意的是中秋節民間尤其重視夫婦的團圓。出嫁的婦女中秋要趕到娘家與父母團聚，當天又必須返回夫家，與夫君團圓。俗語雲：「寧留女一秋，不許過中秋」。

祈婚嫁子嗣
中秋正值秋天收獲的季節，民間在對神靈酬謝的同時，也祈求著生殖的力量。

上古「合男女」是秋收後的主要人事活動，古代秋社中的祈子儀式就是這一活動的時間規范。中秋節出現以後，男女相會，祈求子嗣習俗逐漸轉移、合並到中秋節俗之中。婦女對月祈禱與月下出遊大都與婚嫁子嗣相關。中秋夜遊玩月在宋代已經流行，明代亦盛，特別是在江南蘇杭地區，杭州西湖「蘇堤之上，聯袂踏歌，無異白日」。蘇州夜遊盛況，由明人張岱《虎丘中秋夜》描述可知：「虎丘八月半，土著、流寓、士夫、眷屬、女樂、聲伎、曲中名妓、戲婆、民間少婦、好女、崽子、孌童及遊冶惡少、清客、幫閑、傒僮、走空之輩，無不麕集」。清代以後俗稱為「走月亮」，中秋之夜，婦女可盛裝出遊，踏月訪親，或逗留尼庵，深夜不歸。「走月」是民間婦女的解禁日，在「結伴閑游」的背後隱含著祈求生殖的意義。據同治《江夏縣志》記載，中秋夜江夏城中滋陽橋特別熱鬧，橋上的石龍首成為出行少婦爭相撫摸的對象，為的是能得到媒神的恩惠，祈子的意義十分明顯。近代南京盼望子嗣者，先游夫子廟，然後過橋一行，說是可以如願。近代湘潭一帶，中秋遊寶塔的習俗，也與「走月」一樣，祈求著人類的生殖與健康，當地傳唱這樣一首歌謠：「八月十五游寶塔，帶起香燭敬菩薩。老人家青頭發，後生子有財發，堂客們生個胖娃娃，滿妹子對個好人家。」

「摸秋」或者稱「偷瓜送子」是南方地區普遍流行的中秋祈子習俗。人們在中秋之夜，到田間「偷」瓜，然後吹吹打打、熱熱鬧鬧地將描畫成嬰兒模樣的冬瓜或南瓜送給婚後數年不育的夫婦，以求瓜瓞綿綿。浙江西安縣「偷摘瓜芋，以衣襟囊之送新婦家，曰『獻生子』」。有的地方夜中摸索的不是瓜果之類，而是瓦片、石子。如安徽懷寧，「是夕，城中婦女率至樅陽門內，百子庵前、鷺鷥橋畔摸索礫塊占子，石為男，瓦為女焉」。兩湖地區亦普遍流行中秋之夜到田間「偷」瓜的習俗。偷瓜菜的地點，青年男女各有自己的選擇，一般都去到意中人的園中去「偷」，偷時嬉笑打鬧，引出自己的情侶，共享「偷」的幸福果實。

6、哪位幫忙提供一些有關風俗習慣的英文對話材料，或英文資料

我就幫你找到這些，你看看吧，都有中文翻譯的。採納我的答案吧，嘻嘻
Customs and Manners風俗習慣與禮節

Customs and Manners Do as the Romans do. Try to follow the custom and you』 get used to it. Making yourself clear is a polite thing to do. It』s always a bit difficult to get things started. Once you get started you』ll find it much easier to do. The safe way to do things is to watch what people do and do the same. You just have be westernized, but you』ve got to learn to enjoy our things while you』re here. You』ll appreciate our views more when you get to know us better. You』ve got to make friends if you want to get better acquainted with things here. Living in a strange land is always hard at the beginning, but you』ll get over it. You don』t have to go with it, but what you need to do is to understand it. That』s what makes us Americans By our custom it』s not acceptable. I think you』ll have to change your habit a little bit. Stick to it ,no matter what people say. You』ll overcome the culture shock in no time. It』ll help you broaden your viewpoints that you live with people from different backgrounds. This is what a lot people thought of us Americans when they first come here. I found people here seem always on the run. People have always mistakenly thought we Chinese people lack a sense of time and are slow in response to the outside world. But it』s just not true any more. Although they』ve tried in every way to make friends with me, it still doesn』t work. I think part of the problem is the language, and part of it the cultural differences. It』ll help us to understand the problem better. We seldom eat our vegetables raw back home. Is that a Chinese custom? I found your eating habits a bit strange. For example, it amazed me when I first saw you drink milk cold. We still try to keep Chinese customs. We Chinese are friendly, generally speaking. It』s too much Americanized, I』m afraid. We eat a lot of fast food nowadays. You don』t have to be very formal when you come to me place. You really don』t have to bring gifts every time you got to a friend』s house. The western people do not ask about the ages and salaries of others. Ages, salaries and so on are privacy. If you ask an American about his religion or marriage, usually won』t get an answer. Keep in mind you should be in time when you』re invited to dinner. You may go with a gift or not. Remember to make an appointment any time you want to call on somebody. Don』t try to shake hand with a woman unless she puts out her hand first. You can talk about weather to anybody at any time. Weather is a good topic to begin a conversation. Americans consider it more friendly to invite a person to one』s home than to take him to a restaurant. You should arrive at the time you were invited for, or within five or ten minutes after that time. If you are unable to thank the hostess before you leave, it』s a good idea to write her a note of thanks or telephone her the next day. If you』re going to be an overnight or weekend guest, it is customary to bring the hostess a small present. Men usually open doors for women, and women generally walk ahead of men into a room or restaurant. Usually, if a man asks a woman out to dinner, he will pay for the dinner. Although there is much informality in the United States, it is important not to create a false impression regarding your feelings for another person. 風俗習慣與禮節 入鄉隨俗。 入鄉隨俗慢慢會習慣的。 有話直說是禮貌的舉動。 萬事開頭難。 什麼事一旦開了頭，就會比較容易多了。 最好的方法是，別人怎麼做。您也怎麼做。 您不必西化，但是在這兒就得學會這兒的生活方式。 等了解我們以後，您就會更加欣賞我們的觀點了。 想要更好的了解這兒的事物，您必須多交朋友。 在一個陌生的環境里，開始時免不了會不習慣，慢慢就會適應的。 有些事情您不必都學，只須理解就可以了。 這正是我們美國人的特色。 按照我們的習慣，這是不能接受的。 我覺得您得改一改您的習慣才行。 您干您的，甭管別人怎麼說您。 您會很快克服文化沖擊的。 與不同經歷的人相處會有助於開闊您的視野。 許多剛來美國時就是這么看我們美國人的。 我發現這兒的人好像。 人們常常錯誤地認為我們中國人缺乏時間觀念，對外部世界反應慢。現在已不是那麼回事了。 盡管他們千方百計地對我們友好，可我總覺得跟他們合不來。我想這里既有語言問題，也有文化方面的差異。 它將有助於我們更好地理解這個問題。

不同的國家和民族，由於不同的歷史，文化，宗教等因素，各有特殊的風俗習慣和禮節。例如，伊斯蘭教徒不吃豬肉，在齋月里日出之後，日落之前不能吃喝；有些佛教徒不吃葷；印度教徒不吃牛肉；某些國家如印度，印尼，馬里，阿拉伯國家等，不能用左手與他人接觸或用左手傳遞東西；在佛教國家不能隨便摸小孩頭頂；天主教徒忌諱十三這個數字。尤其是十三日星期五，遇上這種日子，一般不舉行宴請活動；使用筷子進食的東方國家，用餐時不可用一雙筷子來回傳遞，也不能把筷子插在飯碗中間；東南亞一些國家忌諱坐著蹺大腿；伊朗稱好不伸大拇指；保加利亞、尼泊爾等一些國家搖頭表示稱贊，點頭表示不同意，等等。阿拉伯國家婦女比較守舊，到人家家裡作客不要問女主人身體如何；對日本人送禮要注意花式，綠色被視為不吉祥，荷花是祭奠用的，禮品上不要有狐狸的圖案，因為這種動物狡猾，貪婪。不要把菜湯和飯拌在一起吃，因為這是喂貓的方式。在婚禮上忌用離開、重復、多次等字眼，在喜慶場合忌用去、舊、壞了、完了等字眼。若不注意這些風俗，會使人誤認為對他們不尊重或鬧出笑話。新到一個國家或初次參加活動，應多了解，多觀察，不懂或不會做的事，可仿效別人。
Different countries and peoples, as various historical, cultural and religious factors have special customs and courtesy. For example, Muslims do not eat pork, in Ramadan after sunrise, sunset before meals can; Some Buddhists not everybody eats meat; Hins do not eat beef; Certain countries, such as India, Indonesia, Mali, the Arab states, can not use the left hand with other people or things left transmission; In Buddhist countries not to be confused child's head; Catholics taboo 13 this figure. Especially on the 13th Friday, the days to come, not normally held banquets; Using chopsticks to eat Oriental country, meals must not return with a pair of chopsticks transmission, could not chopsticks inserted in the middle jobs; In some Southeast Asian countries, the WHO taboo sitting thigh; Iran asserts brightening sun thumbs; Bulgaria, Some countries, such as Nepal praised shook his head, nodded do not agree, and so on. Arab women were relatively conservative state, home to people not to ask a guest how good hostess; Japanese right gifts to the attention of Heineken, green is deemed as not auspicious, the lotus is awakened to use, gifts do not have to hide the logo, which animal cunning and greed. Not to mix soup and rice to eat together, because this is the cat. The wedding Jiyong leave, repeat the word several times, the happy occasions Jiyong, and the old, bad, the end of the word. If attention to these customs, people would mistakenly believe that they do not respect or become a farce. Move to a new country or participate in the initial activities, learn more about, observe, understand or will not do, others may follow suit.

7、關於不同國家的習俗的英語對話

If you went to Britain, you』d find a lot of things surprising. But different things surprise different people.

如果你去到英國，你會發現許多讓你驚訝的東西。但是，不同的事物使來自不同國家的人感到驚訝。

In Britain people drive on the left. Dimitri Poulos, from Greece, thought this was very strange. 「I』ve been in Britain for nearly a month now, but I never remember to look right instead of left before I cross the road. If I stayed for a year, I still wouldn』t remember!」

在英國，人們在左邊駕駛。迪米特瑞·鮑羅斯，來自希臘，認為在左邊駕駛是很奇怪的。 「到現在我已經在英國居住差不多一個月了，但我在橫穿馬路前總是忘記先看右邊而不是左邊。如果我在這兒呆上一年，我還是不會記住的。」

Hiroshi Hasegawa, from Japan, couldn』t understand why British people kept his shoes on at home.「 If a visitor kept his shoes on at home in Japan, we』d think he was very rude or very dirty. I also can』t understand why British people don』t wash before getting into the bath. They wash themselves in the bath, in their own dirty water! I wouldn』t feel clean if I had a bath that way.」

Hiroshi Hasegawa, 來自日本，不理解為什麼英國人在家裡總是穿著鞋。「如果有客人在日本人家裡穿著鞋，我們會認為這人是非常粗魯和骯臟的。還有，我不知道為什麼英國人在進入游泳池前不先洗一洗。他們就在游泳池裡洗，在那臟兮兮的水裡！如果我這樣洗澡的話，我會感到渾身不幹凈。」

Roberto Grazzi, from Italy, couldn』t understand why British people queued so much. 「At a bus stop or in a post office, they always stand in a line—even if there』s only one other person! If I did that in Italy, people would think I was crazy!

羅伯特·格勒滋，來自義大利，不理解為什麼英國人總是排隊。「無論在公共汽車站還是在郵局，他們總是站成一排——即便是只有一兩個人。如果我在義大利這樣做的話，人們會認為我是瘋子！」